TRIMS Free Essays

The elimination of market interventions and more liberalization has a positive effect on FDI inflows. According to Zhang Yang (2016) the importance of WTO with regard to FDI has been overlooked by the previous researchers and until now its effect on FDI and that On Trade related investment measures (TRIMS) has not been examined. Sane (2015) study suggests that it is important for national governments and for those firms that are involved in formulating investment, business and trade policies to know the effect of TRIMS on the foreign investment. We will write a custom essay sample on TRIMS or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is the responsibility of WTO member to remove tariffs and other barriers that can affect the foreign as well as local investors. In order to attract more FDI in various sectors, locations and activities the overseas investors are offered with incentives. These incentives can in the form of tax credits, concessions, holidays, export subsidies, export subsidies and accelerated depreciation on machinery and plants. (Shah Khan, 2016). Milner (2014) states that the most common feature that have been affecting the maneuvers of multinational firms in the host country are the rewards and punishment approach. Furthermore, the main purpose of Trade related investment measures is to abolish such kind of approach. In case of any dispute between two-member countries the WTO has dispute settlement mechanism from one state to other. (Shah, 2010). The decisions related to settlement of dispute does not require harmony among the members. (Shah, 2011a).According to Barry et al. (2016) previous studies indicate that multinational overseas investment is affected by high tariff barriers.Shah(2017a) found that rapid reduction of tariff duties in the late eighties that in early nineties and eventually due to the agreement of WTO in1995 led to tariff jumping FDI. This kind of investment is not present in free market economies. (Medvedev, 2012) With The internationalization of multinational productions competition for FDI has become more business friendly economic atmosphere which is in accordance with the objectives of W TO. (Paul, 2015). By observing the Present the likely future factors that can affect the FDI movements this will help to create a market that is free of any interventions which would in turn attract more investment (Sutyrin, Efinova Trofimenko, 2016). This study aims to determine the effect of TRIMs on overseas investment in 38 Sub-Saharan African countries from years1988 to 2015 i.e. 28 years .The variables used are market size, economic development, infrastructure, macro-economic stability. The results indicate that TRIMS have positive impact on FDI inflows. The conventional determinants of FDI consists of Market size, Trade openness, Economic Development, Macroeconomic stability and Infrastructure ability and Quality. These are considered as the main factors that have major influence on inward FDI.Balasubramanyam ( 1991) defined TRIMS as both collection of incentives restrictive measures that are designed by a developing country in order to influence of FDI.To control the use of performance requirements that are imposed on foreign investors by means of WTO TRIMS. (Collins,2016). These agreements are a combination of both new and existing investments and includes both native foreign firms. (Shah,2011b).The member states of WTO are required to notify about the procedures that do not comply with the TRIM agreement in 3 months’ time period. To eliminate all kind of distortions the members of developed countries are granted two years’ time, the developing countries five years and the low developed countries up to seven years. The developing countries that are unable to implement TRIM within the given time frame can get more time by applying for extension within seven years for Pakistan and few months for Chile. (UNCTAD, 2012).The amount of trade agreements that are signed by a developing country are taken as proxy for TRIMS. Moreover, these agreements involve two or few partner economies they focus more to tariff and service liberalization. TRIMS is very crucial for FDI due to removal of non-tariff barriers in trade. It allows overseas investors to freely export, import goods and generate profits. It gives all the investors equal treatment irrespective of their nationality. Impartial investment policies are more favorable for enticing foreign investors and tend to have a positive relationship between TRIMS FDI inflows. (Shah, 2012a). ESTIMATION METHOD Shah(2017) used equation one for determining the effect of TRIMs implementation under WTO on inward FDI in 38 Sub-Saharan African countries.FDI it=f(Market size, economic development, openness, Macroeconomic stability, Infrastructure, TRIMS) †¦..Equation 1†³In equation one subscript i represents a Sub-Saharan African country from 1 to 38. Subscript t denotes the time period from 1988 to 2015 varying from 1 to 28which is equal to a total of 1064 (28*38) observations per variable. FDIit is used for the dependent variable representing the yearly stock of FDI in each of the host economy i.† Equation two is derived from equation 1 by using log and by putting the proxies for dependent and independent variables. Where, ln is used for natural log, which also reduces the likely heteroscedasticity (Resmini, 2000). For market size Gross domestic product is used. The gross fixed capital formation proxy is used for development level, aggregate trade represents the extent of openness of the economy, exchange rate is used for macroeconomic stability and for infrastructure availability telephone density is used. The WTO membership and the trade agreements proxy represents TRIMs implementation.Empirical Estimation MethodShah, (2012b) used longitudinal panel for data from 38 countries for 28 years. Hausman (1978) specification test was carried out to select between fixed and random effect and the use of fixed effect model was found more appropriate. (Nonnenberg Mendonca, 2004). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The market size variable (GDP) is positive and was found to have significant effect on FDI. Shah (2016) found the results to be in accordance with the theory since economies of scale, opportunities for diversification and more possibilities of making an optimal use of the imported technology are usually offered by bigger markets. Economic development (GFCF) is positive but insignificant.Trade openness was positively significant which indicate that multinationals prefer open economies. Macroeconomic stability is found by the exchange rate. The result reveals that FDI in the Sub Saharan Africa is based more on exports due to depreciation of currency. Infrastructure and quality are positively significant as these are considered more important for the production and trade related activities. The proxy for TRIMS is the no of trade agreements and that of WTO membership is positive and significant which indicates that the amount of trade agreements signed by the host results in increase in inward FDI. CONCLUSION The main aim of this research is to determine the effect of TRIMs implementation on FDI inflows in Sub-Saharan African Developing countries. The technique used for data analysis was fixed estimation for the years 1988 to 2015 which shows that presence of larger domestic market attracts multinationals (Shah Afridi, 2015). Trade liberalization enables the multinationals to sell their products in other countries.The important factors affecting FDI are Infrastructure, trade liberalisation and exchange rate. These factors tend to influence the overseas investors’ investment decision because they empower the multinationals. Reduction in TRIMs related market distortions positively affects multinationals due to the resultant liberalisation of the trade and investment environment adding to a country’s prospects of hosting additional FDI. Economy development was found to be insignificant due to the relative backwardness of the economies under investigation. These results are applicable to the 38 Sub-Saharan African countries only and shall not be widespread universally to other countries. How to cite TRIMS, Papers

The Impact of IT on HRM-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Disucss about the Impact of Information Technology in Human Resource Management in Small Business Enterprises. Answer: Introduction The report sheds light on the issue of information systems in human resource and the importance of managing the human resource function electronically. Recruitment and best management of staff in an entity will be reviewed in both the benefits they offer and their limitations. The field of human resource management (HRM) is of extreme importance to the success of any business setting whether large or small or offering goods or services. Today, human resource forms an assortment of specialized functionalities each with specific objectives, roles, and requirements. The human resource is faced with an increasing gravity in supporting tactical organizational aspirations, and offering of value added activities. According to (Granados, 2017), the little pressure has made organizations to realize a lesser importance to use information technology to enhance the function of human resource. The today world of HRM has received a tremendous evolution in areas of staff (both current and potential ) portals, company intranets and internet information systems. The future seems to be made up of an entirely IT enabled HR function because the benefits outrun shortcomings. The report will present powerful way of handling the drawbacks to stress on how the business system needs to be embraced by small firms that are still considering what to do(Noe, 2007). The forces pushing developments in this technology are the necessity of managing a global workforce, the need to improve service delivery, management of organizations costs and an escalating competition. Project context Planning Planning in the human resource function refers to the inclusive approach of performing the preliminary aspects of staffing. The step is meant to maintain an adequate supply, suitably developed and motivated team to perform the roles that will lead to the attainment of the goals of an organization. The personal desires and ambitions of the staff members are also put into consideration. Job analysis It is a systematic examination of functions in a job. The accountabilities, responsibilities, and duties of a job position and the conditions of its performance are described and documented during job analysis. All the information about tasks and responsibilities of a particular job have to be collected and studied. It can be summed up as a collection of facts about jobs. Job description It is a product of analyzing a job. The duties, relationships, conditions, job responsibilities and the supervision responsibilities are identified and listed. Job Specification The human requirements are the specification of a job. It includes skills, education, and personal temperaments. Recruitment It refers to a process in which potential candidates are identified and attracted into an organization. It also involves selection of an appropriate candidate. Recruitment is of two types namely traditional and modern recruitment. The modern methods are trending in the current human resource world. The job postings are done online in systems of mailing and websites. Electronic HRM is being used to support and network individuals with shared roles(Majumder, 2014). E-Recruitment It is described as using the internet, that is, commercial boards and websites to attract the potential employees(Tsoni, 2017). The job descriptions, analysis, and vacancies here are together managed on the internet. More developed systems will even interview in search for candidates. The virtual recruitment is done by the web-built applicant tracking system. The biggest advantage of the arrangement in its integrated nature to manage all postings, attraction, applications, database storage, screening, searching and filtering. The job board will then shortlist and inform candidates of interviews(Purcell, 2011). The human resource information system is developed to manage acquisition and storage of data that will enable analysis and decision making. The application can work both online and as software. It facilitates entry of data, tracking, information essentials, payroll, accounting and management(Mantel, 2016). It has considerably helped in overcoming the human limitations of time and functionality. Research proposal Background and definition of the problem Information technology support services have helped organizations to cut down on the high cost of the human resource. The services are of the highest order of efficiency. IT and internet services have had the widest range of adoption ever in the current decade than in the previous five decades combined. Systems provide integrated services to eliminate the human single-tasked performance of acquisition, storage, manipulation, analyzing, retrieval and distribution of information(Wood, 2014). Research questions What are the benefits of e-recruiting? What is the standard recruitment process in a small business enterprise? How will the image of HR of small business look like in the next 30 years? Why do small businesses need to adopt IT in the human resource function? Literature review A small range of articles is available concerning adoption, implementation, and usage of IT in HRM. The area of use of IT in human resource has not been given sufficient concern. The central area is the use of the Application Tracking System. 3.3.1 Small business settings have less hierarchy level in the organization of its workers. The structure enables fast communication and more transparency. A lot of freedom is given to staff on choice and control of activities(Kasemsap, 2017). The control structure can be said to be broad and flat. Staff always work with a cross-functionality in several departments to achieve success. 3.3.2 Small business organizations recognize talent towards productivity. The freedom to make decisions is a frequent source of conflicts. It is easier to hold an all-staff meeting regularly without causing a stoppage of business(Hollensbe, 2016). 3.3.3 Most start-up business settings are continually risk averse, and for this reason, fewer are free to take up new developments that are available in supporting the human resource management(Gartner, 2017). The capital bases are minimal and cannot finance every investment like a larger business organization that serves a nationwide market. Project plan Method of data collection Questionnaires Both open ended and closed questionnaires were used to collect data about staff ten sampled small business setups. The respondents provided information about the recruitment processes which the organization used to acquire them. Facts on job analysis and description were also acquired. A total of 100 employees filled the questionnaires. The method provided a large base of information that could be analyzed to get a representation of use technology in human resource and its prospects(Ellington, 2017). Interviews Face-to-face interviews of the human resource managers of the ten organizations provided detailed information about the human resource functionalities and their plans for the future(Chinoy, 2017). Approach of data analysis A stratified sampling method was used in the analysis of the data collected in the field. The human resource processes, benefits, and challenges with relation to technological applications were identified and recorded(Cheng, 2017). The standard online staffing process found is listed below. Getting curriculum vitae (C.V)Selecting C.V Creating an interview scheduleInterview with the HRInterview with the head of a departmentInterview with the director (sometimes) Hiring The benefits of an online application tracker were found to be: It has enabled the creation of an automated recruiting process. The costs used are three times lesser when compared to the traditional process. The online and the software applications provide information support that has led to the best HR decisions being made. Acquisition of staff is faster and beneficial when staffing needs are urgent. An integrated of all HR services for corporates and agencies has been facilitated. Only one database can manage all HR needs. The website postings of vacancies have comprehensive coverage. The market provided systems are customizable to meet the specific needs of an organization. The systems have facilitated transparency in the human resource processes. Milestones and plan of action Sometimes, online systems have rejected a C.V of the best applicant for little reasons like poor scanning. Systems have also edited applicant information inappropriately that they cannot be read by humans(Bondarouk, 2017). Some systems always restrict the amount of candidate information which could have been necessary. Potential employees who found in the borderline of the required specifications are rejected by the systems. Another challenge of systems is the impersonal nature. Out-of-date postings misappropriate applications. Failures in websites will fail the recruitment process. Action plans- The organizations should employ services of a technology professional to overseers, control and maintain the efficiency of HR systems(Balaji, 2017). Conclusion Finally, the report has reviewed the state of technological systems in human resource for small businesses. The opportunity to acquire the system will have a lot of benefits to the firm. Moreover, the cost that is needed to take up and implement a system is smaller than the long run cost of running the HR using the traditional method. Firms must put in place plans of actions to control the threats to failure, privacy, and attacks to reap all the gains of using such systems. References Balaji, M. (2017). Employee Retention Strategies. Global Journal of Management And Business Research, 327. Bondarouk, T. (2017). People and Performance. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness, 17. Cheng, Z. (2017). Imagery-Based Risk Assessment Using Crowdsourcing Technology in Simple Workspaces. Computing in Civil Engineering, 174-182. Chinoy, S. (2017). A thing to Service: Perspectives from a Network of Things. International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (pp. 1-33). Cham: Springer. Ellington, C. (2017). The Influence of E-Recruitment Techniques. Generation Y, 1-119. Gartner, J. (2017). The Changing Nature of Work and the Management of Human Resources. Academy of Management (pp. 1-12). Chan: Springer. Granados, L. (2017). Innovators intent: The role of IT in facilitating innovative knowledge practices in social enterprises. Academy of Management (p. 193). Victoria: Macmillan. Hollensbe, E. (2016). Technology-related Pressure. Human Resource Development International, 1-16. Kasemsap, K. (2017). Knowledge Management: Applications and Implications. Evaluating Media Richness in Organizational Learning, 232-261. Majumder, S. (2014). Impact of IT on Performance Appraisal. Human Resource Management, 1-57. Mantel, R. (2016). Factors Influencing Employees Performance Appraisal. Performance Appraisal System, 93. Noe, R. (2007). Fundamentals of human resource management. Boston: McGraw-Hill. Purcell, J. (2011). Strategy and human resource management. Palgrave: Macmillan. Tsoni, E. (2017). Internet Recruitment. Human Resource Managenent, 103. Wood, S. (2014). Human resource management and performance. International journal of management reviews, 367-413.

Analysis of A Pair of Tickets Essays

Analysis of A Pair of Tickets Essays Analysis of A Pair of Tickets Paper Analysis of A Pair of Tickets Paper Essay Topic: Literature Analyzing A Pair of Tickets of Amy Tan by Using the Technique Setting Family love is one of the most valuable kinds of love in our society from past to present. For some reasons, our family can be separated. No matter who we are or where we are, we always try our best to protect our family love. A Pair of Tickets of Amy Tan is a very emotional story that is about a reunion of a Chinese family. It also tells us the true value of family love. And analyzing this story by the technique setting, the backdrop against which the action of story takes place can help us to understand this value clearly. A Pair of Tickets is a short story of Amy Tan that tells us a reunion of a Chinese family after a long time separation because of war. The main character, Jing Mei, is a Chinese-American who comes back to her hometown in China with her father to find her twin sisters whom her mother abandoned in wartime. Jing Mei and her fathers first stop is in Guangzhou, China where her father can reunite with his long lost aunt. After visiting with her for a day they plan to take a plane to Shanghai, China where Jandale will meet her two half-sisters for the first time. The story was written in 1989 when China became a developed country. It has main scenes in China in 1980s and some scenes in China in the 1940s. In 1940s, China was a very poor country that was destroyed by war. First, in Jing Meis memory, China is a slow-motion film in which her mother came to her house to find her relatives in hopelessness after a bomb fell on her house. China was in ruin, all was in ruin and underneath her mothers feet were four stories of burnt bricks and wood, all the life of our house (P. 124). All Jing Mei can feel was the sufferings of her mother when she found each pieces of her house in turn. There was a bed used to sleep in, really just a mental frame twisted up at one corner, a book which every page had turned black, a teacup which was unbroken but filled with ashes, my doll, with her hands and legs broken, her hair burned off (P. 124). It looks like whenever Jing Mei thinks about China, her heart feels a stinging pain from her mothers pain and an unclear definition of family in her mind. Jing Mei just knows that China is where her grandparents, her uncles, and their wives and children lived and all killed in the war. Through her mothers telling about her doll that she gave to her youngest niece, If she was in her house with that doll, her parents were there, and so everybody was there, waiting together, because thats how our family was (P. 124), in Jing Meis head is just a vague imagination of a traditional Chinese family that all members in the family were always gathered together happily. Moreover, through her fathers telling, The roads were filled with people, everybody running and begging for rides from passing trucks. The trucks rushed by, afraid to stop (P. 30), everything in China was a chaotic pile when everybody just wanted to leave at any cost. On the other hand, in 1980s, when her father and she comes to China to find her twin sisters, China wears quite different clothes which are more beautiful and modern. It sometimes brings some familiar feelings to Jing Mei and her father but it sometimes gives her alien, surprising feelings. The first scenes, the familiar setting, come to Jing Meis eyes are a sectioned field of yellow, green, and brown, a narrow canal flanking the tracks, low rising hills, and three people in blue jackets riding an ox-driven cart (P. 21) when she is on the train with her father. Those scenes not only slowly awake her memory that she had almost forgotten (P. 121) but also make her father younger and excited like a young boy, so innocent and happy (P. 120-P-121). And when she first sets foot on Chinese soil, she feels so strange about the names of cities such as is Chongquing, and Guilin (P. 121) and about the landscape which has become gray, filled with low flat cement buildings, old factories, and then tracks and more tracks filled with trains like our passing by in the opposite direction (P. 23). No more trucks and wagons, there are just taxies, buses, and cars. No more immigrants in hurry to run away, there are just a stream of people rushing, shoving, pushing us along, until we find ourselves in one of a dozen lines waiting to go through customs (P. 123). Those are alien setting that makes her feel strange because her hometown is so different from what she remembered. This setting of modern China also makes her confused as if like she were in US now, I feel as if I were getting on the number 30 Stockton bus in San Francisco (P. 123). Then, Jing Mei gets more surprising things on the way to Garden Hotel. China seems to be a mix between the Orient and the Occident. China looks like a major American city, with high rises and construction going on everywhere, with scores of little shops, dark inside, lined with counters and shelves (P. 126). The modern characters of China are also expressed by Garden Hotel that has elevator, bellboys. Moreover, the rugs, drapes, bed-spreads, color television, refrigerator stocked with Heineken beer, Coke Classic, and Seven-Up (P. 127) also makes Jing Mei cannot believe in her eyes. And even hamburgers, French fries, and apple pie a la mode (P. 127) can be found there. But China still keeps its specific traditional characters with little children wearing pink and yellow, red and peach (P. 123) and these character occurs clearly when Aiyi, an old women in a yellow knit beret is holding up a pink plastic bag filled with trinkets (P. 124), comes to the air port with her crowded family. Through those alien and familiar settings, the story says that although the changes of the country from traditional to modern, from old to new value, the relationship among family members cannot be changed. And this issue of the story can be expressed clearly by the symbolic setting, China. It does not simply mean a country, it is the valuable bridge to connect the relationship between Jing Mei and her twin sisters. It is where the permanent family love begins. Finally, like John Denver used to sing Country Roads take me home to the place I belong, everybody in this world will find his or her origin one day because it is the value of family love and love never fails. And the short story A Pairs of Tickets is a very emotional and successful to story that tells us the true value of family. To me, learning about family value is something people do not always understand, like Jing Mei used to distrust her past and the past of her families. But when she understands her family s past, she can connect her rest family. Now she can meet her sisters, she can feel peaceful because she has fulfilled her dreams and the dreams of her mother. Cherishing the family love we have is an essential thing we can do and have to do.

Women and the Front Line of Combat Essays

Women and the Front Line of Combat Essays Women and the Front Line of Combat Essay Women and the Front Line of Combat Essay Although recent changes in human rights and equality have definitely focused on being new roles for women in todays modern workforce females are now being fully integrated into professions that have traditionally been associated with being composed completely of men the fact remains that there are still many factors and variables that must be considered before we are able to completely resigned to the fact that in the workplace, as in everything else, women should also be able to perform and fulfill the duties of men and vice versa. This research paper brings forward the argument that women should not be taken in the front lines of combat. And though this argument may be seen as a further social obstruction in treating many women equally, it nevertheless is for this argument from a non-biased perspective, and will be using irrelevant research and peer review journals in order to defend   its proposition.Why is it, now that the question has been raised, ha ve women never been associated with fighting in the front lines of combat? In order to answer this question, the most important factor to take into consideration is the historical context in which this analysis from. Remember that the society we are living in today is a patriarchal society ever since the era of colonization and the spread of Western thought. From ancient Greece, and even as far back in Mesopotamia, and fast forward into the future of modern times, women have never been associated to combat simply because theyre contextual roles in society have always been purely in-home management and domestic responsibilities. At first, this concept they not be so easy to grasp.However, one must also take into consideration that there are other individual members in society which have at least because of historical context accident been associated to specific duties. For example, children below the age of 18, whether they are men or women, have always been associated to play, hom e responsibilities, and recently, education. On the other hand, individuals above the age of 50 or taking that argument further in the age of retirement when taken from the modern point of view had been associated with care and also staying at home or special care facilities.   Some may argue that the reason women had been separated from specific duties and responsibilities is because of discrimination of society. However, taking such an occurrence in context and from that point of view of comparison to other roles, we see that there is actually a logical framework for such events.For example, relevant research and area of study have shown that women have intrinsically different biological structures and physical characteristics from that of men. Women, from the point of view of biology, have been proven by those in the medical community to have a harder time developing their muscle structures as compared to the speed of which men could be to do so. In fact, being in the front l ine of conflict itself requires that individuals have that specific biological and physical structure because the needs and requirements of the job. Also, research in the same area and arguments of biology reflects that the action and reaction of muscles of women are significantly different from men (Kimura, 2002). However, this is not to say that one sex and gender is better than the other.In fact, there is a difference and complements scheme adapted to the specific responsibilities and evolution of human beings between men and women with respect to such reactions. For example, biological anthropologists have shown that men have developed more acute senses in the area of the upper torso in such researchers have theorized that this is because of the need for protection in hunting. On the other hand, the same acute and sturdy muscle developments have been pointed out in women from the lower torso downwards muscles that are important in walking, giving birth, and other duties   ac tivities that require legwork. The history and evolution of human conflict cannot be changed, and one argument that this paper brings forward on why women should not be taken to the front-line combat because of the intrinsic difference in biology and physical structures from that of men who are well-suited for such area of concentration.Yet another evidence that is important to defend the argument of this paper is that researchers have discovered that the primary brain structure and thought process of women are significantly different from that of men (Kimura, 2002). Recent neurological experiments have shown that the right hemisphere of women, in development, significantly grows at a faster rate than men from the age of eight upwards. This reflects the primary ability of women to do focused tasks, while allowing men to have multitasking capabilities. And although this is not a consistency in all respondents and members of the sample size to research, it still shows a real world ex ample of why contextual and historical events have led to women not being in the front-line conflict. Especially in ground-level combat where in focus operations are required for the brain, the ancient acquiring of the brain structure of women are not suitable for such events. In fact, it is a well-documented fact that although men do indeed operate in the front-line combat, because of the integration of modern technology and tactical machinery into warfare and conflict, women are being integrated into the military but in locations where they could be more effective such as distance operation facilitation for telecommunication and computers, tactical planning and logistics, and even the design of overall planning programs for future military personnel. Remember that the argument is that women should not be in the front-line combat, but even this paper accepts the fact that women could be more effective depending on the job and responsibility which has been assigned to them. If, once definition of front lines include dose of modern military duties which include tactical operations from distance facilities, then it would be a much different argument. However, the basic definition of the front-line of combat are those associated with ground assaults, and, after this relevant research implies, efficiency may be associated to women in the military but from a different framework and approach.Another argument that this paper puts forward now deviates from biology but rather focuses on historical and contextual social norms. Although we recognize the fact that training and education of women in todays world have significantly changed over the years, it still remains a fact that there is a unspoken social conventions that women, in their basis for responsibility, should be focused on domestic tasks and tasks which do not require high physical exposure (Neiberg, 2001). Result, there is a so-called generational training gap of education and development. This education ga p creates a generation of men and women whose training, education, and mental development are specifically adapted to the responsibilities they were trained to do. If indeed women should be driven to the front lines of combat conflict, then we should not be able to expect the current generation to easily adapt to such responsibilities because the training and they received their early years has not been adapted for this specific task. Instead, stretching the argument further, if we were to want women to play a greater role in the front lines of combat, then the training and education should start from today in order to create a next generation of women whose tasks and mental schemas are adapted to that purpose. However, again, this would be extremely difficult because of conventions of society and cultural norms especially in the training and development of women in our age.Lastly, although we of course consider that death for both men and women are equal with respect to the weight and gravity especially in the perspective of warfare and conflict, we could not deny the fact that news articles that reports of death of women who had been taken into the front-line of combat significantly and greatly affects us even more from the news receive from the injury or death of a man (Beaumont, 2006). Perhaps the reason for this is the psychological effect that our culture has on the death of women in warfare because of their scarcity in that field. Also, women have the popular image in society to be frail individuals and we could not deny this fact. As a result, use of accidents and deaths something which could not be avoided especially in warfare and combat significantly affect society and may affect the judgment with respect to the tactical conditions and requirements of warfare (Coleman, n.d.).Such evidence and research provides brief but nevertheless solid arguments on why women should not be placed in the front-line combat.

The Future of Healthcare Delivery in The United States Essay - 1

The Future of Healthcare Delivery in The United States - Essay Example For now healthcare expenses in the United States are too high, they are higher than in any other developed state. â€Å"NO ONE will be astonished to hear that health care costs more in Indiana than in India. However, a few might be surprised to learn that Americans spend more than twice as much per person on health care as Swedes do† (Heading for the emergency room). Thus, universal healthcare system can be considered as the way to regulate and control the healthcare costs. Due to the reason that medicine in the United States is too expensive, people have to change insurance plans frequently and finally turn to Medicare. Moreover, the United States is the state, where insurance companies are for profit units and they do their best to get profit. Consequently, the percent of claims they deny is high. Difficult structure of medical care system in the United States also contributes to its high cost. Notwithstanding that Obama’s Affordable Care Act is highly criticized, it represents the step towards the establishment of Universal healthcare. It provided us with the necessary regulation of healthcare system insurance. First, more people are able to have the plan of their parents as the insurance plan. Insurance companies can’t deny children’s applications any more as well as they can’t refuse to cover costs in case if there are some discrepancies found in the application (Starr, 1982). Some service provided by Medicare now became free of charge. Thus, Affordable Care Act is very helpful for Americans, it‘s only drawback was too fast implementation that led to problems, which made many experts dissatisfied with it. Really, such measures need more time to be implemented and the mistake made by the President was his desire to implement all the changes at once. â€Å"The Affordable Care Act is a monumental accomplishment. Thanks to its expansion of health care coverage and new regulations, tens of millions of Americans will feel more secure,

Knowledge of An Organisation Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Knowledge of An Organisation - Research Proposal Example nt position in this as they are the real â€Å"knowledge producers† and hence any new knowledge that a company looks for is produced courtesy through these people. (Rocca, 1992) Competitive success is basically commanded by the companys capability to harness and indeed develop new forms of knowledge, gained either by observation or by experience attained, which can be called as assets that in turn create the required â€Å"core competencies† of the said organization. While these competencies do exist in many forms, learning on the part of a particular company plays a pivotal role, which eventually ventures into other resources of knowledge to generate high-class and exceptional showing from the company’s employees. (Dunn, 2001) Core competencies, which usually flow out of a company, provide characteristic benefits to both the customers as well as any other individuals attached with it. These are generally espied as being the foundation of forming a competitive advantage within the said company. It is quite true that there is a host of ways in which new knowledge within a company is facilitated within its ranks. The need here is to classify the m with respect to their importance, which include the cultural infrastructure can be changed within a company so as to gather some proportion to the fact of the actual remains that have to be taken care of in the company and in its employees’ minds. It demands idealization and disclosure of everlasting knowledge that is created over a certain period of time. This usually requires basic changes to already set cultural notions in companies and more so in the minds of their employees. (Fahy, 1996) Also operational infrastructure is changed through human resources organizational practices that are managed and received by the employees and other people in a different way altogether. A basic revamp of a knowledge-centered company is required here, which would involve the job ladders, compensations, work locales and command and

Organisational Change Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Organisational Change Management - Essay Example However, as a result of improved technology large number of employees has lost their jobs thus resulting to low household incomes and reduced purchasing power (Thompson and Strickland, 1987). It is important to note that while managers are focused at making changes that will improve the productivity of their firms, employees are not always supporting the changes. Thus, it is the duty of the managers to ensure that their employees are aware of the changes and that they are well informed of the implications of the changes in their organization. This paper critically evaluates the implications of changes that have occurred in D2. Definition D2 is a car manufacturing company based in France. In its effort to attain a high level of profitability, the company has embarked on product innovation, expanding its investment as well as improving the performance of its employees. Changes in economic environment that were as a result of recent economic downturn are major causes of adjustments in t he demand for the company products. Despite the competitive position that the company has achieved, it is struggling to survive. It is on this bases that the company executive board has embarked on an urgent change in its operations. Another notable aspect that makes the company to initiate change is to reduce costs of operations. According to Cooperrider and Dan (2001), high costs of production as well as increased marketing expenses are major causes of reduction in profit. In this regard, companies that are focused at minimizing their costs must make initiatives to change their mode of operations. The need for expanding the production capacity is another key issue that has influenced changes in D2. Despite efforts by managers to ensure that the top management team is aware of the changes, some senior managers have not been informed about the new developments. This may cause resistance since those managers have not been involved in the processes (Weiner, 2000). Taking into consider ation the changes in the Didcot branch, employee’s resistance may also be experienced once the plant is closed. As depicted by the executive board, the closure of Didcot will result to loss of employment for majority of the employees working in the plant. Similarly, there will be less chances of redeploying the employees to other branches in Spain and France. Considering their significant contribution to the company and their efforts to meet the corporate objectives, managers and other employees in the Didcot plant will trigger resistance that may jeopardize the operations of the company (Bramble, 1996). One of the key strategies that the company has adopted in order to attract and maintain customers is product development. Based on the need to relocate its production engineers from Didcot to Blois, the company will also experience a resistance from the engineers who will be reluctant to emulate the change. However, this will not be experienced for a long time since the compa ny has taken initiatives to employ its production engineers thus creating a feeling of job security among the workers. Discovery Changes within an organization such as D2 can be effected in the areas of technology, business location and management among others. My choice for resistance to change is based on the significant negative implications that it can bring to a firm if not effectively addressed by the management team. Based on